CSS3 GRADIENT

Earlier, you had to use images for these effects. However, by using CSS3 gradients you can reduce download time and bandwidth usage. In addition, elements with gradients look better when zoomed, because the gradient is generated by the browser.
CSS3 defines two types of gradients:

• Linear Gradients (goes down/up/left/right/diagonally)
• Radial Gradients (defined by their center)

  CSS3 Linear Gradients

  To create a linear gradient you must define at least two color stops. Color stops are the colors you want to render smooth transitions among. You can also set a starting point and a direction (or an angle) along with the gradient effect.
  Example of Linear Gradient:
  

  Syntax

  background: linear-gradient(direction, color-stop1, color-stop2, ...);
  Linear Gradient - Top to Bottom (this is default)
  The following example shows a linear gradient that starts at the top. It starts red, transitioning to blue:
  

  Example

  A linear gradient from top to bottom:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: linear-gradient(red, blue); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  
  Linear Gradient - Left to Right
  The following example shows a linear gradient that starts from the left. It starts red, transitioning to blue:
  

  Example

  A linear gradient from left to right:
  
  #grad {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, red , blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(right, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(right, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: linear-gradient(to right, red , blue); /* Standard syntax */
  } 
   
  Linear Gradient - Diagonal
  You can make a gradient diagonally by specifying both the horizontal and vertical starting positions.
  The following example shows a linear gradient that starts at top left (and goes to bottom right). It starts red, transitioning to blue:
  

  Example

  A linear gradient that starts at top left (and goes to bottom right):
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, red , blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom right, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom right, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, red , blue); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Using Angles

  If you want more control over the direction of the gradient, you can define an angle, instead of the predefined directions (to bottom, to top, to right, to left, to bottom right, etc.).
  

  Syntax

  background: linear-gradient(angle, color-stop1, color-stop2);

  The angle is specified as an angle between a horizontal line and the gradient line, going counter-clockwise. In other words, 0deg creates a bottom to top gradient, while 90deg generates a left to right gradient.
  The following example shows how to use angles on linear gradients:
  

  Example

  A linear gradient with a specified angle:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Using Multiple Color Stops

  The following example shows how to set multiple color stops:
  

  Example

  A linear gradient from top to bottom with multiple color stops:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  

  The following example shows how to create a linear gradient with the color of the rainbow and some text:
  

  Example

  #grad {
    /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
    /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -o-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
    /* For Fx 3.6 to 15 */
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
    /* Standard syntax */
    background: linear-gradient(to right, red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Using Transparency

  CSS3 gradients also support transparency, which can be used to create fading effects.
  To add transparency, we use the rgba() function to define the color stops. The last parameter in the rgba() function can be a value from 0 to 1, and it defines the transparency of the color: 0 indicates full transparency, 1 indicates full color (no transparency).
  The following example shows a linear gradient that starts from the left. It starts fully transparent, transitioning to full color red:
  

  Example

  A linear gradient from left to right, with transparency:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Safari 5.1-6*/
    background: -o-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Opera 11.1-12*/
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Fx 3.6-15*/
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,0,0,0), rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Standard*/
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Repeating a linear-gradient

  The repeating-linear-gradient() function is used to repeat linear gradients:
  

  Example

  A repeating linear gradient:
  

  #grad {
    /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -webkit-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
    /* Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
    background: -o-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
    /* Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: -moz-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
    /* Standard syntax */
    background: repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  CSS3 Radial Gradients

  A radial gradient is defined by its center.
  To create a radial gradient you must also define at least two color stops.
  Example of Radial Gradient:
  

  Syntax

  background: radial-gradient(shape size at position, start-color, ..., last-color);

  By default, shape is ellipse, size is farthest-corner, and position is center.
  Radial Gradient - Evenly Spaced Color Stops (this is default)
  

  Example

  A radial gradient with evenly spaced color stops:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -o-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  

  Radial Gradient - Differently Spaced Color Stops
  

  Example

  A radial gradient with differently spaced color stops:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* Safari 5.1-6.0 */
    background: -o-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* For Opera 11.6-12.0 */
    background: -moz-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* For Firefox 3.6-15 */
    background: radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Set Shape

  The shape parameter defines the shape. It can take the value circle or ellipse. The default value is ellipse.
  

  Example

  A radial gradient with the shape of a circle:
  

  #grad {
    background: -webkit-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Safari */
    background: -o-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
    background: -moz-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Standard syntax */
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Use of Different Size Keywords

  The size parameter defines the size of the gradient. It can take four values:
  

  • closest-side
  • farthest-side
  • closest-corner
  • farthest-corner

  Example

  A radial gradient with different size keywords:
  

  #grad1 {
    /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -webkit-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
    /* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
    background: -o-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
    /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: -moz-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
    /* Standard syntax */
    background: radial-gradient(closest-side at 60% 55%,blue,green,yellow,black);
  }
  
  #grad2 {
    /* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -webkit-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
    /* Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
    background: -o-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
    /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: -moz-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
    /* Standard syntax */
    background: radial-gradient(farthest-side at 60% 55%,blue,green,yellow,black);
  }

  
  
  

  
  

  ---

  Repeating a radial-gradient

  The repeating-radial-gradient() function is used to repeat radial gradients:
  

  Example

  A repeating radial gradient:
  #grad {
    /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
    background: -webkit-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
    /* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
    background: -o-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
    /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
    background: -moz-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
    /* Standard syntax */
    background: repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);